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Aneurysm (Arterial Ballooning) Treatment

Arteries are vital vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from the heart to body tissues. However, sometimes a weakness in the arterial wall can lead to dilations known as aneurysms (ballooning). Aneurysms may enlarge without causing any symptoms and pose a life-threatening risk due to the potential for rupture. These risks are minimized through minimally invasive treatment options performed by interventional radiologists under angiographic guidance.

What Is an Arterial Aneurysm?

An aneurysm occurs when the wall of an artery weakens and bulges outward like a balloon. The most common types include:

  • Aortic Aneurysm: Enlargement of the aorta in the abdominal or thoracic region.

  • Cerebral Aneurysm: Ballooning in the blood vessels of the brain.

  • Peripheral Aneurysm: Dilations that occur in the arteries of the arms or legs.

What are the symptoms?

  • Many aneurysms are asymptomatic; however, as they enlarge or rupture, symptoms may appear depending on their location:

  • Sudden and severe pain (in the chest, abdomen, head, or leg, depending on the site)

  • Low blood pressure, dizziness, and fainting

  • Vision loss or speech impairment (typically in cerebral aneurysms)

  • Pulsating swelling (in the arm or leg)

Treatment Methods with Interventional Radiology

  • 1. Endovascular Stent Grafting

  • How It Is Performed:
    The aneurysmal area is accessed through the groin, and stents covered with a special graft material—designed to prevent blood leakage—are placed at the affected site. This graft reinforces the arterial wall and allows blood to flow safely by bypassing the weakened, ballooned area.

  • Advantages:

  • Performed in a much shorter time compared to open surgery

  • Low risk of complications

  • Short recovery period

  • 2. Coil or Plug Embolization

  • How It Is Performed:
    The aneurysmal artery is accessed through the groin, and the ballooned area is reached. The aneurysm sac is then filled with coils—spiral wires—or a plug is placed at the aneurysm neck to block blood flow. This prevents blood from entering the aneurysm and significantly reduces the risk of rupture.

  • 3. Use of Adhesive (Glue Embolization)

  • How It Is Performed:
    The aneurysmal artery is accessed through the groin, and a thin catheter is advanced into the aneurysm sac. A special medical adhesive is injected into the sac, filling it completely. Once filled, blood can no longer enter the aneurysm, thereby reducing the risk of bleeding.

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